Network - Pentest
In a penetration test on a network, internal or Internet-accessible addresses or address ranges for signs of security problems. Common questions asked here are:
OVERVIEW
Penetration tests - or pentests for short - are security tests in which IT security experts first identify vulnerabilities and security holes in order to then exploit them in a secure manner in order to assess the associated risks.
Such vulnerabilities arise either from errors in configuration or programming of the deployed Web applications, operating systems, system services, IT infrastructure, cloud services, or simply through risky user behavior.
In penetration testing, the perspective of an attacker is taken and attempts are made to leverage the existing security mechanisms using the same means and tools.
Among the results of a penetration test is an extensive report outlining the security vulnerabilities found with recommendations for remediation.
The most important goal of a penetration test should not be to show that a company can be hacked, but to bring in the views and techniques of a real, advanced attacker in such a way that targeted countermeasures can be implemented cost-effectively.
A penetration test supports fixing security vulnerabilities before they can be exploited by criminals.
A penetration test is an independent audit of implemented security measures.
Compliance requirements such as ISO 27001, PCI DSS or DSGVO are supported.
Unused potential of existing security technologies is highlighted by a pentest.
The results steigerung the understanding of the actual threat situation of the own IT security.
A pentest supports prioritization of IT investments by witnessing IT security risks.
Although it may seem tempting to ask a pentester to "just everything", this would probably only lead to a lot of weak that a lot of weak points will be found on the surface. However, without the appropriate time frame, it is not possible to to check the security problems found in depth for relevance and business impact. For a penetration test, we distinguish between different focus areas.
In a penetration test on a network, internal or Internet-accessible addresses or address ranges for signs of security problems. Common questions asked here are:
Penetration testing for web applications examines the overall security and potential security risks of web applications, including programming errors, improperly functioning authentication or authorization, session management, and injection vulnerabilities such as XSS or SQL injections. Likewise, related and accessible infrastructure components, such as web or database servers, are included in the penetration testing and examined for vulnerabilities.
Cloud providers such as Amazon AWS, Google Cloud Platform (GCP) and Microsoft Azure offer a high number of services, but generally follow a shared responsibility model. The cloud service provider is responsible for the security of the cloud. This includes. the hardware, the back-end infrastructure, and the technical implementation and secure programming of the service.
However, the customer is must take responsibility for security in the cloud through proper configuration of the servers and services, the permissions granted and much more. Often, the threat results from the insufficient configuration of these increasingly complex services that are becoming more complex.
Cloud penetration testing examines the security of a Cloud deployment. Such a pentest provides recommendations for improving the security of the cloud environment.
Social engineering is an attack tactic that involves using deception to gain access to to information or premises, which is then used for malicious purposes.
The most common example of this is the classic phishing scam. In such a penetration test, pentesters use special phishing tools to test defense mechanisms, detection and response capabilities. Also the penetration into the physical security zones - past the security team - can also pose a major threat, for example when a hack box, pose a major threat and can be tested with a penetration test.
For obvious reasons, these types of penetration tests are bound by strict ethical principles and take place with very transparent rules.
The proliferation of mobile apps, continues to increase steadily. In the process, business-critical information is often not only transmitted, but also stored directly on the mobile device.
A mobile app penetration test checks whether an attacker can gain access to the company and user data, and whether this data can be accessed. and user data and whether this could result in further risks for the internal company's internal network.
Let's face it - most attacks on corporate networks run via a user machine and take advantage of the triad of Outlook & Exchange & Active Directory.
Security vulnerabilities in system-aware applications such as the Software Distribution and improperly configured system services offer malware such as ransomware excellent gateways into the corporate network.
This penetration test is about finding out, what opportunities exist after a user has user has misclicked once or an attacker has attacker has gained physical access to a client.
Red teaming involves testing the entire defense of an environment. In doing so, pentesters often also use means of social engineering for initial access to establish a covert command-and-control (C2) channel.
While a normal penetration test performs an analysis in depth Red Teaming goes into breadth in an attempt to achieve the agreed upon goal. In a Red Teaming, the performance of the own IT environment with regard to incidents is of the own IT environment regarding Incident Detection & Response.
Red Teaming is aimed in particular at companies and institutions that already have a high level of have reached a high level of maturity of their IT security.
Penetration testing of scenarios, systems, and components not listed here include:
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Vulnerability scanners, such as Nessus, OpenVAS, or even Nmap, are automated tools that examine an IT environment and, upon completion, generate a report on the vulnerabilities discovered. Often the vulnerabilities found are given a CVE identifier, which can be used to obtain more detailed information. information. A CVSS risk score (from 1=Low to 10=Critical) is also usually included.
Such security scanners have large databases with tens of thousands of vulnerabilities. The ratings of the vulnerabilities is blanket and, unlike penetration testing, does not take into account the circumstances of the IT environment.
Vulnerabilities and configuration errors that are not included in the database cannot be found.
Nevertheless, the - gladly also frequent - execution of vulnerability scans remains a comparatively easy to and important security measure through which every company can gain a good insight into its own potential own potential vulnerabilities of the IT infrastructure.
Vulnerability scanners are very valuable tools - but you should know the limitations. They work purely signature-based, so unknown vulnerabilities cannot be found. Also, many configuration errors will not be detected.
For example, through a penetration test for example, frequently detects errors that arise from the interaction of various system services that can lead to administrative privileges are uncovered. Similarly, logical security flaws, for example in web applications, are usually not detected.
Through Penetration Testing, proactively identify exploitable security vulnerabilities, Before anyone else does. Penetration testing is structured and methodical procedural projects. Basically, we distinguish the following project phases:
The type of pentest to be performed and the goals to be achieved are agreed upon in advance between the pentester and the customer. Usually, another joint kick-off meeting is held shortly before the start for organizational and technical coordination:
In this penetration testing phase, for example, information about firewalls, available network services, IP addresses are evaluated. Depending on the type of pentest, personal data such as names, job titles, email addresses, usernames, and current job postings may be collected from public sources and retained for later phases.
This phase of penetration testing attempts to penetrate the environment, identify security vulnerabilities and exploit them and, for example, demonstrate how deeply the pentester can penetrate the network. After successfully exploiting a vulnerability, another exploration usually takes place to identify the now exploration takes place to check the now newly found capabilities for the next steps of the penetration test.
The results of the penetration test are compiled in a report. This will include:
The results of the penetration test are presented in a closing meeting. During this meeting, the pentesters are personally available to answer specific questions in a joint setting.
The necessary corrections should be made to close the gaps revealed by the penetration test to close the gaps revealed by the penetration test.
The best way to ensure that the corrective actions taken are effective is to perform a re-penetration test.
Even though the process of a penetration test is methodical and structured, there remains enough freedom for the experienced pentester to identify vulnerabilities to detect and exploit vulnerabilities using non-linear approaches. Good penetration testing is characterized by exactly the right mix of methodical approach, powerful tools, an eye for the business use case, experience, and a creative exploitation of knowledge about the latest attack tactics.
Transparent approach
Experienced and certified pentesters
In-depth threat analysis and consultation
A deep understanding of how hackers work
In accordance with accepted engineering practices (BSI, PTES, OWASP, PCI DSS, OSSTMM, NIST)
Extensive report with recommendations to fix found vulnerabilities
Comprehensive post-test support for effective remediation of detected risks
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